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The German banking system is structured in three different pillars, totally separated from each other.〔''Was Banken leisten''() publisher: Bundesverband deutscher Banken, Berlin 2010, P. 15.; accessed: 13.06.2011〕 They typically differ in their legal form and the ownership.〔''Felix Hüfner:'' The German Banking System: Lessons from the financial crisis, Economic Department Working Papers No.788, OECD 2010, P.8. (OECD Workingpapers ); accessed: 13.06.2011〕 Private banks, represented by banks like Deutsche Bank or Commerzbank as listed companies, and Hauck & Aufhäuser or Bankhaus Lampe as less known private companies, are part of the first tier. The second tier is composed of co-operative banks like the numerous ''Volksbanken and Raiffeisenbanken''.〔 They are based on a member-structure where each member, independently from its capital share, has one vote.〔''Felix Hüfner:'' The German Banking System: Lessons from the financial crisis, Economic Department Working Papers No.788, OECD 2010, P.9. (OECD Workingpapers ); accessed: 13.06.2011〕 The third tier consists of public banks, that are a legally defined arm of the banking industry in Germany and separate into two main groups. The German Savings Banks Finance Group (''Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe'') is the most numerous sub-sector with 431 savings banks using the Sparkasse brand,〔(DSGV-Website-Organisation-Sparkassen ); accessed: 13.06.2011〕 8 Landesbanken including the DekaBank using separate brands〔(DSGV-Website-Organisation-Landesbanken ); accessed: 13.06.2011〕 and 10 real estate financing banks using the LBS brand.〔() ; accessed: 13.06.2011〕 The ''Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband'' (German Savings Banks Association, DSGV) represents the interests of the ''Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe'' on a national and international level concerning law and the financial services industry. It also coordinates, promotes and harmonises the interests of Sparkassen. Based on OECD studies, the German public banking system had a share of 40% of total banking assets in Germany.〔''Felix Hüfner:'' The German Banking System: Lessons from the financial crisis, Economic Department Working Papers No.788, OECD, P.7. () ; accessed: 13.06.2011〕 This shows the important and significant role of this group of banks in Germany. ==German public banks== Public banks in Germany are financial institutes, typically held directly or indirectly by the public sector, e.g. the federal government, the states, administrative districts or cities. Not all companies are fully publicly owned. They can also be defined as ''public'' by providing services out of a public interest.〔(VÖB-Website ) ; accessed: 13.06.2011〕 The public banks are represented through the Association of German Public Sector Banks (''Bundesverband Öffentlicher Banken Deutschlands'', VÖB) as one of the leading associations in the German banking industry. The association counts 34 ordinary members, but to distinguish the different groups of public banks it is important to know, that the ''Landesbanken'' as part of the ''Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe'' described below, are also members of this association.〔(VÖB-Website - Members ) ; accessed: 13.06.2011〕 The typical public bank acts as business development bank (''Förderbank'', ''Aufbaubank'' or ''Investitionsbank'') or international project, infrastructure and export financing institution. Most known representatives of this group are the KfW-Group, the NRW.Bank in North Rhine-Westphalia, the LfA Förderbank Bayern in Bavaria and the L-Bank, Staatsbank für Baden-Württemberg in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The Group of public development banks manage assets of EUR 880,9 billion. In total, 13.000 people work for the various institutions. (December 2010)〔(Landesbanken in 2011 ) ; accessed: 13.06.2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German public bank」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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